Esto es un blog de los alumn@s de biologÍa de 4ESO del Colegio Europeo Almazán. Esperemos que os guste. y pin pan toma lacasitos
lunes, 4 de mayo de 2009
~Metodos de Supervivencia:La selva amazonica
Toda persona que quiera internar en una selva, esta sujeto a una serie de circunstancias que lo podrían llevar hasta la muerte. Lo primero que hay que saber es: si bien es difícil entrar en una selva, salir lo es mucho más. No se debe entrar a la selva sin motivo justificado ya que se corre un riesgo innecesario.
La selva amazónica tiene dos partes: selva alta y selva baja.
SEÑALES AUXILIARES
Existen diferentes clases de señales
a) Por reflejo con espejos, latas o cualquier otro
material reflectante y usando el Código Morse.
b) Si hubieran playas o zonas descubiertas de
árboles, con las señales geométricas tierra - aire.
c) Por agitación de ropa o pedazos
de telas de colores vivos
d) Haciendo fogatas de formas
regulares y produciendo humo negro.
e) Disparando bengalas de colores.
BUSQUEDA DE AGUA Y ALIMENTO
Dentro de las prioridades de un superviviente dentro de la selva, la primera es la de encontrar agua apropiada para la bebida.
Uno de los mayores peligros en la selva es beber agua contaminada, por las enfermedades que produce, tal como la disentería, tifoidea y cólera; estas aguas suelen estar cargadas también de parásitos y amebas que producen enfermedades muy agudas y a veces mortales.
Para prevenir estas enfermedades hay que hervir el agua por 3 minutos o usando pastillas desinfectantes y si entrara a un aguajal, no se quite la ropa.
Una prueba sencilla para determinar si el agua está contaminada, consiste en que recogida en un recipiente y sin moverla se le echa encima un poco de arenilla fina, si la arenilla flota es que está contaminada, pues está más densa, si la arenilla se hundiera rápidamente es que el agua está relativamente limpia.
En la selva abunda el alimento, pero hay que saber reconocerlo y diferenciarlo de los que son venenosos. Observe, si los frutos de algún árbol son comidos por monos u otros animales si es así se pueden comer
PELIGROS EN LA SELVA
Si no se lleva un arma de fuego, es necesario improvisar armas que nos pueden ser sumamente útiles.
El mejor material es la palmera de pona, madera negra de la que los indígenas hacen sus flechas y arcos. Su condición principal es que sea muy flexible, pues esto hace que al chicotear reviente la piel, la corte y produzca un ardor muy fuerte. Es ideal para espantar cualquier tipo de animal mediano y matar serpientes.
Muchas veces, sobre todo cuando vaya a sacar fruta de un árbol, tenga mucho cuidado, pues las víboras suelen resguardarse del calor en las hojas secas que caen del árbol Antes de acercarse y desde una distancia prudencial observe las hojas del suelo
No se acueste en el suelo junto a un árbol donde la tierra esté húmeda y haya hojarasca seca pues probablemente habrá nidos de hormigas Isulas y ciempiés, bajo tierra.
PREVENCION CONTRA MORDEDURAS DE SERPIENTES
La picadura de una vibora te puede producir el maligno. El maligno o grave se caracteriza por fuerte dolor, perdida de conocimiento, se produce un taponamiento de los tubos renales, se retiene la orina, estado general con fiebre muy alta y la muerte.
Use siempre botas de jebe o zapatos gruesos con protección de tobillo si ingresara al monte
Generalmente las serpientes se encuentran en los huecos, entre la hojarasca y en los troncos podridos. Recuerde usar su vara flexible para golpear la hojarasca
Al encontrarse frente a una víbora en posición de ataque para morderlo, lo primero que observará es la distancia entre usted y la víbora y darse cuenta si con el estirón de la tercera parte de su cuerpo puede alcanzarlo. Si está fuera de esa distancia, apártese y cambie de dirección, pero siempre mirando hacia el animal.
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